Preheat oven to 350°F.
Combine butter and both sugars in the bowl of a stand mixer. Mix on speed 2 for 4 minutes.
Add eggs, one at a time, mixing on speed 2 until incorporated and scraping sides to ensure that the batter is thoroughly mixed.
Add vanilla and peanut butter, mix on speed 2 until fully combined.
Add flour, salt, and baking soda, mixing until batter is cohesive.
Add chopped peanut butter cups to dough, stirring until distributed.
Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Scoop heaping teaspoons of dough onto the prepared sheet.
Bake for 10-12 minutes or until the cookie bottoms are golden.
Transfer cookies to a baking rack and cool fully.